How a Solenoid Valve Works
Please note that when selecting a pressure gauge, it is advisable to pay attention to the following points:
August 19, 2017What is a Manometer?
September 5, 2017How a Solenoid Valve Works:
As shown in the figure below, a solenoid valve consists of two main parts: the solenoid and the main valve body.
The solenoid part itself consists of a coil, iron rod, spring, control valve, and control channel. The main valve is composed of an inlet, outlet, diaphragm, and diaphragm spring. When the solenoid is active, a very small flow of fluid always passes through the channel and control valve. Solenoid valves use rubber or metal seals to seal various parts. A spring (diaphragm spring) is also used to open or hold the diaphragm when the valve is inactive.
Consider a simple valve in its inactive state with a closed path, assuming the fluid used in this valve is water.
The incoming water at points A and B exerts pressure on the diaphragm. A relatively weak spring also pushes the diaphragm downward. The diaphragm has a small orifice that allows water to pass through (from part A to part B). As the fluid flows through the orifice, it fills chamber B, and once filled, the water pressure on both sides of the diaphragm becomes equal. The compressed spring applies a small downward force on the diaphragm. The spring is weak and only has enough strength to keep the diaphragm closed when the pressure above and below it is equal. As a result, the valve remains closed, and no water flows through it.
What happens when the solenoid is energized?
Figure 2: Solenoid when energized
When the solenoid is energized, the magnetic force of the coil (solenoid) pulls rod C upward, opening the control valve e. When e opens, a very small flow of water from part B passes through the control channel g toward the outlet. As a result, the pressure in part B decreases, and the pressure at A overcomes the pressure above the diaphragm (pressure B + spring force), pushing the diaphragm upward.
Figure 3 occurs immediately after the pressure above the diaphragm decreases.
As a result, the main valve opens, and water flows directly from A to F. While the solenoid is active, a very small flow of fluid continuously passes through the control channel and valve. When the solenoid is deactivated again, the control path e is closed by rod C, and the spring requires very little force to push the diaphragm downward and close the main path. From the above explanation, it is clear that these valves operate due to the pressure difference above and below the diaphragm. If the pressure above the diaphragm exceeds the inlet pressure for any reason (regardless of whether the solenoid is active), the valve will not function.
Solenoid valves are classified into various types based on features such as being multi-way, the type of electrical power used (DC or AC), and their OFF-state configuration. In some solenoid valves, the solenoid directly actuates the valve. In others, the solenoid functions as an auxiliary or control valve to operate a larger main valve. These types of valves essentially combine a solenoid valve with a larger valve, and they are packaged and sold as a single integrated unit.
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